| In the early and mid-nineteenth
century, the Schonbeks were directly engaged in the manufacture of
crystal in Bohemia, then heart of the crystal industry. Schonbek crystal
from those early days hangs in Buckingham Palace and the White House.
In 1870 Adolf Schonbek left the family glassworks
to start his own company. Soon he was designing and manufacturing
crystal chandeliers. Since that time, every generation of Schonbeks has
been involved in the design and manufacture of crystal chandeliers.
The following discussion is based on our long and
historic involvement with precious crystal in its many forms.
What is crystal?
Crystal is transparent glass of a high degree of
brilliance and optical purity, appreciated for its decorative beauty.
The fire and brilliance of crystal comes from the
refraction of light passing through a prism. The same phenomenon causes
rainbows.
A piece of crystal is like a diamond in that its
value depends on the quality of its material and how it is cut.
The history of crystal.
The earliest-known crystal chandeliers appeared in
the sixteenth century and were dressed with rock crystal (a transparent
crystalline form of quartz) of irregular shapes.
By the seventeenth century, Baroque-period
artisans had become expert at cutting rock crystal for chandeliers. The
antique shapes designed at that time are still in use today.
The first chandelier trimmings made of glass
rather than rock crystal were manufactured in France late in the
seventeenth century. The term "crystal" persisted, even after
transparent glass became the preferred material.
Complete crystal chandeliers formed entirely of
glass were manufactured originally in Murano, an island just north of
Venice.
The Venetians guarded their secrets of glassmaking
with deadly seriousness, sending assassins after any artisan who escaped
from Murano. Despite all precautions, the manufacture of crystal spread
to Bohemia, Spain, England and Ireland.
By the nineteenth century, Bohemia -- site of the
first Schonbek crystal factory -- had become the world's leading
producer of fine crystal.
Types of crystal.
Crystal may be machine-cut, handcut or molded. A
description of crystal types follows:
Strass® crystal: absolute perfection.
Considered the finest crystal in the world, Strass®
is manufactured by Swarovski AG in the Austrian Alps. Clear as spring
water, totally free of flaws, unique in purity and brilliance, Strass
crystal is characterized by razor-sharp cutting of facets.
Lead content is in excess of 30 percent. Cutting
and polishing are done by machine to achieve perfect optical clarity. An
invisible coating makes Strass easier to clean.
Swarovski crystal: a beautiful value.
A passion for perfection has made Swarovski the
world leader in the production of cut crystal. This new crystal grade
offers a high degree of brilliance and an exceptional value.
Heritage Handcut(TM):
the choice of traditionalists.
Our Heritage Handcut(TM) crystal is cut by hand in
two stages on an iron and then a sandstone wheel. Each crystal is then
polished on a wood wheel with marble dust. These methods go back
centuries.
If you look closely you will notice faint traces
of the wood-wheel attesting to the concentrated labor of the artisan.
This is a mark of authenticity.
An interesting variety of handcut crystal used in
some Schonbek designs is Optic Quality Heritage. This unique crystal,
normally used in optical instruments, is a Schonbek innovation.
Bohemian French Pendaloques à la Schonbek.
Especially noteworthy among Heritage Handcut
crystal trimmings are Schonbek's Bohemian French Pendaloques. The shapes
of these crystals are derived from the irregular rock crystal used on
the earliest chandeliers.
The molds used to make these pendaloques were in
the possession of the Schonbek company (then in Bohemia) some one
hundred years ago.
Heritage Gemcut(TM):
Opulent by design.
Heritage Gemcut (TM) is first-quality,
machine-cut, full-lead crystal of a clarity and flawlessness beyond
industry standards. It is characterized by prismatic brilliance, visual
purity, sharp faceting and precise polishing.
The Legacy Collection(TM): in the Venetian
manner.
Venetian crystal (from the glass-making regions in
and around Venice) is molded, not cut. You'll notice a rounding of edges
that comes from fire polishing.
Molded crystal, though never as brilliant as cut
crystal, has a subtle charm and is an exceptional value.
The all-important quality issue.
Drawing on our intimate knowledge of crystal, we
maintain relationships with vendors around the world who put aside for
us the premium crystal from their inventories.
In some cases we ourselves have trained artisans
in the ancient craft of cutting and polishing crystal.
Within each crystal type, we buy only
first-quality crystal, enabling you to feel confidence in the heirloom
quality of your purchase.
Our competitors are not always so particular. They
may mix second-quality crystal with better crystal to keep down the
price of a fixture. Whereas, if it's a Schonbek, every piece of crystal
is exemplary of its kind.
How to recognize fine crystal.
The characteristics that distinguish fine crystal
are apparent to the naked eye. Possible imperfections include frosting,
milkiness, cloudiness, bubbles, chips, scratches or inclusions.
What you want to see is a reassuring absence of
flaws, perfect clarity, silky smooth surfaces and a mesmerizing display
of prismatic fire. You will, if it's a Schonbek.
Lead content is not necessarily a guarantee of
fine quality crystal. Lead simply acts as a softening agent, making
glass easier to cut and polish. Some types of crystal we employ contain
lead; others do not.
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